The way of applying cuts is different in Geant3 and Geant4. In Geant3, the cuts are defined as a limit in energy, which is applied both as an energy threshold (a secondary particle is not produced if its energy is beyond the threshold) and a tracking cut (a particle is stopped when its energy gets below the cut).
Inn Geant4, there is defined a unique cut in range which is then converted to an energy threshold per particle and material. The advantage is that you keep the same spatial resolution of your energy deposit over the whole detector. It is also possible to define cuts per regions, as in big experimental setups you may want to speed up your simulation by setting a higher cut in the support structures etc. See more details at the Geant4 User Guide for Application Developers, section Production Threshold versus Tracking Cut.
The VMC provides a possibility for a user to define cuts in Geant3 way. The cuts can be defined globally or per tracking medium via the following TVirtualMC functions:
gMC->SetCut(cutname, cutValue);
gMC->Gstpar(medId, cutName, cutValue);The user defined VMC cuts and their interpretation in Geant4 can be viewed with the following commands:
To print the cut values for the given cut type (cutName) and control values for the given control type (controlName) for all tracking media:
/mcDet/printCuts cutName
/mcDet/printControls controlName
To print global cuts and global process controls:
/mcPhysics/printGlobalCuts
/mcPhysics/printGlobalControls
To print the user limits (including the VMC cuts and controls) set for the specified volume:
/mcPhysics/printVolumeLimits volName
By default, Geant4 VMC ignores the VMC cuts and applies only the global cut in range defined in the physics list. The default global cut value in Geant4 VMC is 1*mm for all particles which cut is applied for (gamma, e-, e+, proton). User can change this default value for each particle separately or set a new value for all using the commands:
/mcPhysics/rangeCutForGamma value
/mcPhysics/rangeCutForElectron value
/mcPhysics/rangeCutForPositron value
/mcPhysics/rangeCuts value
In order to take the VMC cuts into account, the user has to activate the special cuts process by switching it on in his g4Config.C (see the section on Physics list selection. This special cuts process applies the VMC cuts as tracking cuts using G4UserLimits.
Since Geant4 VMC version 6.5, based on Geant4 version 11.2, when the special cuts process is activated, the VMC cuts are also directly set as production cuts to G4ProductionCutsTable.
First, Geant4 VMC defines regions per materials. Each region contains all volumes that have the same material. In the next step, these regions are used to create materials cuts couples in G4ProductionCutsTable and then, in the third step, the energy cut vector is constructed (by filling the VMC cuts in the order of already constructed materials cuts couples vector) and then set to G4ProductionCutsTable using its SetEnergyCutVector() function.
This is performed in TG4RegionsManager2 (new in Geant4 VMC version 6.5).
User can select several levels of verbosity to control the process of regions definition:
/mcVerbose/regionsManager level
level = 0 no output
1 number of regions added via VMC
2 the list of all volumes and their associated regions
Since Geant4 VMC version 6.3, users can print or save the regions data in a file. The default filename, regions.dat can be also changes with a command:
/mcRegions/print [true|false]
/mcRegions/save [true|false]
/mcRegions/setFileName fileName
The consistency of the volume material and associated regions can be also checked with the check command.
/mcRegions/check [true|false]
The old method of applying cuts via ranges can be activated in g4Config.C using TG4RunConfiguration::SetSpecialCutsOld().
With older versions, the cut energy is first converted in range and then these range production cuts are set to the region. This conversion is performed in TG4RegionsManager using the Geant4 converter classes G4RToEConvForElectron and G4RToEConvForGamma by iterating within a given range interval up to a given precision. User can change the default precision (=
the number of iterations), which is set to 5 (was 2 up the version 6.2) with the command:
/mcRegions/setRangePrecision value
The conversion of VMC cuts to the regions follows these rules:
If the VMC energy cut defined by user results in a range cut smaller than the default range cut value defined in user physics list, the VMC cut is ignored and the default range cut is used.
The range cut is first evaluated within the range 1e-03mm to 1m; when the range cut order is found, it is refined up to given precision (5 orders of magnitude by default) within 10 values of each order and the range value with the closest energy still smaller than the VMC cut is chosen. It may happen that a value cannot be refined up to the given precision, then the best found value is returned.
The regions are defined only in case when the VMC cuts result in range cuts different from the range cuts in the default region; then the region includes all logical volumes with a given material.
As the range cuts do not match precisely to user defined energy cuts, the specialCuts process applies the energy cuts as tracking cuts when a particle with energy cut below threshold is generated.
User can select several levels of verbosity to control the process of regions definition:
/mcVerbose/regionsManager level
level = 0 no output
1 number of regions added via VMC
2 the list of all volumes, the cuts in energy and
calculated cuts in range
3 all evaluated energy values
By default, the computed range cut for e- is applied also to e+ and proton. This feature can be switched off by the UI commands:
/mcRegions/applyForPositron false
/mcRegions/applyForProton false
In addition to the commands presented in previous sections, users can also load the regions data from the a file.
/mcRegions/load [true|false]
The check commands permorms also a check for the match between the cuts computed from ranges and the input VMC cuts. When this check is activated all cut values that differ with more than a given tolerance will be printed in the output. The default value of this tolerance (1%) can be also tuned:
/mcRegions/check [true|false]
/mcRegions/setEnergyTolerance value
It is also possible to dump the regions properties for a specified volume or to activate printing properties of all regions:
/mcRegions/dump volumeName
/mcRegions/print true|false
How to apply Geant4 commands in a Root user session is explained at the section on Switching User Interfaces.